`` Oranges Are Not The Only Fruit And Jean Rhys s Wide...

Masculinity is an odd concept, because in many ways it is representative of strength and power. However, it is also represented through pop culture, literature, media, etc. as being rather fragile. In feminist literature, we see this fragility come through at incredible rates. While simply looking at a couple of novels, it is possible to evaluate how the power dynamic of masculinity puts up its walls when facing the smallest threats to its power. Through analysis of Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit and Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea, it is possible to see how the figureheads of masculinity panic as soon as they are posed with the smallest threat. The protagonists of both stories are categorized as â€Å"mad† or â€Å"abnormal† throughout the course of each respective plot. They are placed there under the pretenses that this classification is what is best for them because it allows them to get the help they need and deserve in order to get better. However, these declarations of madness are really born from the infringement of both characters upon the pre-established patterns of masculinity and the panic that ensues from the male voice as a result of this deviance from traditional norms. In Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit, the church in Jeanette’s town is clearly overseen and ruled by the men of the town. While there is female leadership within the church, it is easily undermined at the slightest hint of a threat to masculine leadership. When the church becomes aware

Capitalism and Oppression in The Hunger Games and Kindred

The novels The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and Kindred by Octavia Butler both contain examples of oppression created and/or worsened by the capitalist society in which they are set. In The Hunger Games, Collins creates a futuristic society of severe class inequality in which the children of the poor are killed for the political benefit and entertainment of the rich. Kindred is primarily set on a 19th century American slave plantation and examines the institution slavery in a fictional context. As Lois Tyson puts it, â€Å"getting and keeping economic power is the motive behind all social and political activities†-- this includes the Games from Collins’ novel, and the slave system described in Kindred (Tyson 52). Capitalism creates classism†¦show more content†¦Although Katniss naturally resists both consumerism and feminine gender norms, she eventually finds herself forced to conform to these norms in order to appeal to the Capitol-based audience and sponso rs, on whom her survival depends. When she is at home in District 12 she expresses indifference toward romance, and says of Gale’s popularity with girls: â€Å"It makes me jealous but not for the reason people would think. Good hunting partners are hard to find† (Collins 18). Katniss also has little to no interest in her physical beauty and is mainly concerned with appearing strong and intimidating: â€Å"Crying is not an option. There will be more cameras at the train station† (Collins 34). Katniss is unconcerned with conforming to beauty ideals because she does not see her appearance as a pleasant display for others, but rather as a tool to help her project an image that will give her a practical advantage. If she looks tough and intimidating, the sponsors and other tributes will see her as a worthy competitor and not an easy target, increasing her chances of survival. This initially backfires because the people of the Capitol are suspicious of her unconventio nal gender presentation. However, when Katniss becomes aware of this and begins performing femininity to appeal

The International Women s Media Foundation - 1500 Words

COPING SKILLS Due to the interest participants had in participating in sports, they found a way of coping with stereotypes. An example is given by Adams and Pamela (2003) who have postulated that cheerleading gives an opportunity for participants to reconstruct femininity in a way not to challenge the dominant ideas of the roles and expectations. This they did, by adjusting themselves to suit the evolving ideas of what it means to be a woman in the societal or cultural context. Also, there has been an improvement over time with the level of acceptance of gay athletes. For example, unlike in 2002, gay athletes in 2010 had better experiences because youth in their society accepted of their forms of masculinity (Anderson 2011; Adams and†¦show more content†¦In analysing the sports media, feminist have maintained that there is a disproportionate media coverage in the male dominated and controlled media space (Scranton and Flintoff 2002:40) resulting in a negligible amount of air time alloca ted to women sports (Duncan and Cynthia 2002:83). For example, men’s sports received 92% of the air time, women’s sports 5%, and gender neutral topics 3% of media coverage (Duncan 2005). Further, gender was used for both graphic and visual marking of women by the media, attaching women to a team and not doing same for men. For example Women’s Basketball and Basketball Association (WNBA) representing the women’s team and (NBA) Basketball and Basketball Association representing the men’s team (Duncan 2005). GENDER DIFFERNCES AND ITS IMPACT IN SPORTS CHALLENGES Sports policy like other social policies, is a site that on regular bases struggles over resources, status and identity, issues. Policy makers are challenged with how to properly distribute and allocate resources (both physical and granting legitimacy and status), and how to justify to participants interested in the resources that the decisions taken in relation to them are the best ones (Piggin 2013). In terms of emancipation, women’s rights have been viewed from the perspective of equality and also from the viewpoint of differences which often overlap and interact (Bock and James 1992:52).

African Americans And Women During The Civil War Essay

As of the mid-19th century and on was when African Americans and women were beginning to gain somewhat equal rights or were still disputing them. It is also well know that both have suffered in vastly different manners, but in some cases are very similar in certain struggles. African American men and women had to survive the terrors of the Ku Klux Klan in the southern states, managing life with the Black Code looming over their every move. They were basically fighting for something that a lot of people take for granted, their right to live as a regular citizen. White women on the other hand had their fair share of discrimination as well, when it came to labor, labor organizations and, equal wages. After the civil war the south was undergoing reconstruction so that the relations between southern and norther citizen would continue as they did before, continued trade and commerce. However the south was not taking their defeat with dignity, â€Å"Black Codes were enacted by the newly re constituted southern state legislature to address the legal status of the freed slaves after the Civil War.†(Shi Mayer â€Å"4†) These Black Codes were basically the south’s attempt to subtly revive a form slavery. If an offence was made by an African American he’d be forced to pay off his offence with labor because it was common that they’d have a lack of funds to pay the fine in the first place. White women in the workforce, did not have to worry about having black codes slapped on their payroll forShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Women During The Civil War1227 Words   |  5 Pages †¢ Is the author s thesis clearly stated? (Restate in your own words) The exceptional rules of war that existed during the Civil War were essential. When it comes to the state of Tennessee, the early â€Å"capture† of the state was of strategically importance for the Union Army. With regards to the experience of African Americans who lived in the state or arrived there during the period of the state’s occupation and Andrew Johnson’s rule, the exceptional character and role of Tennessee turned out toRead MoreAfrican American Women During The Civil War1137 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican American Women In American history there have been many truly extraordinary women. These women range from all different time periods, races and other backgrounds. Over the years women have participate or become involved in multiple different themes including: politics, midwives or physicians, inventors, literary or arts figures, feminists, suffrage or equal rights activist, wealthy women, academics, fighters- physical or metaphorical etc. This paper will exemplify three special women, allRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1521 Words   |  7 Pages101 19 April 2017 Civil War The American Civil War, that took place from 1861 to 1865, marked one of the most important changes in American history, it was fought between the Union and the Confederate States of America. A total of even southern states that left the Union to form their own country in order to protect the institution of slavery. The Civil War transformed the country’s economy, politics, women, African Americans, along with major breakthroughs in technology. The war increased northernRead MoreThe Civil War : The United States909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was one of the most pivotal and significant moments in the history of the United States of America. Therefore, its impact of the Civil War was tremendous, and in many ways has shaped the way the United States has evolved into the present. The Civil War brought lots of beneficial changes to America including economic, agriculture, military, and people’s lives. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to help or support their husbands in the field, or other soldiersRead MoreThe During The 19th Century902 Words   |  4 Pagesthe lives of women and blacks completely. It was an age where the impact of the industrial revolution caused a sharp differentiation between the gender roles, especially of the upper and middle classes. In 19th century, appeared the events such as African American Civil Rights Movement, Civil War, and The Women’s Rights Movement had put women and blacks’ role to a new level. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to support the soldiers. In the meantime, African slaves hadRead MoreA Brief Note On The Civil War And Its Impact On Women s Rights1461 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Civil War and Its Impact on Women’s Rights In 1865, four brutal years of the Civil War ended, and Congress passed three amendments that eliminated slavery, gave citizenship to everyone born in the United States, protected people’s rights to due process, required equal protection under the law, and guaranteed voting rights to all American men. However, African American men were still segregated in terms of housing, work, equal pay, and schooling. Despite this unfair treatment, African AmericanRead MoreThe War On The Home Front1112 Words   |  5 Pageson the home front. Those two events were WWII and the Cold War. Civil rights, the cultural norms, and society at large, had changed greatly during a short amount of time due to these events. The United States was fight a war on two fronts, both at home and overseas. The wars overseas had great influence and impact on the successes that would come over time on the home front. Without these wars and times of trials and tribulations, the civil rights movement and society as a whole, would most likelyRead MorePost World War II: Effects and Changes in America1524 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II brought several changes to the world and specifically America. It not only changed the world map but also set impact on the behaviours. WWII played a major role in building turning points during different periods. Before WWII, African Americans were not offered equal rights in the community. It was considered an impossible thing that African could ever do a white collar or even a blue collar job. However, soon after the WWII, there came a turning point in the lives of African AmericanRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War1211 Words   |  5 PagesAfter the Civil War, the United States underwent a period of reconstruction. From the time of 1877 to 1890, the US economy grew exponentially, wealthy business owners like Rockefeller and Vanderbilt built American cities and railroads, and immigrants from all over the world flooded into the country. However, during this period America also faced great amount of poverty, terrible working conditions, mass political corruptions, and a destruction of civil rights for African Americans, women, and immigrantsRead MoreWomen During The Civil War Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesWomen During the Civil War ‘I want something to doÂ… ‘Write a book, Qouth the author of my being. ‘Dont know enough, sir. First live, then write. ‘Try teaching again, suggested my mother. ‘No thank you, maam, ten years of that is enough. ‘Take a husband like my Darby, and fulfill your mission, said sister Joan. ‘Cant afford expensive luxuries, Mrs. Coobiddy. ‘Go nurse the soldiers, said my young brother, Tom. ‘I will! (Harper 14). This is a dialog of Louisa May Alcott with her relatives

Is Shylock a victim or a villain Essay Example For Students

Is Shylock a victim or a villain Essay In the Merchant of Venice Shylock is portrayed as both a victim and a villain. Shakespeare shows that he is firstly a villain as he is spoken about in a conversation between Salarnio and Salerio. They describe him as dog Jew, automatically we see him as the bad man of the play. We then sympathize with Shylock as he tells us how he was poorly treated, You call me misbeliever, cut throat dog, and spit upon my Jewish gabardine. He states that Antonio had looked down on him, spat on him, turned his friends against him and prevented him from making business for the simple reason of being a Jew. Remembering in recent history of the Holocaust we sympathize with him. When the time comes that Antonio asks a favour of Shylock he immediately seeks revenge. In case Antonio does not pay back the 3,000 ducats that he is to borrow Shylock demands an equal pound of your fair flesh off and taken in what part of the body pleaseth me. Here our opinion of Shylock is a negative one, as he wants his flesh as pay back and a pound of flesh would be of no use to him. Our opinion then becomes stronger of Shylock being a villain as Jessica his daughter talk of living with him is like hell, our house is hell and thou a merry devil. From this we understand that she does not like her fathers actions and what he believes in, which is that Christians are bad Ill go in hate to feed upon the prodigal Christian. Shakespeare then makes us feel sorry for Shylock as his daughter Jessica runs away taking his ducats with her. My daughter! O my ducats! showing more concern for his loss of money he appears a greedy villain two stones, two rich and precious stones, stolen by my daughter! Justice! We later find out that Jessica had also stolen his wifes ring in which Shylock would consider priceless and then she bought a monkey with it. At this we feel remorseful as it meant a lot to him and his daughter probably knew that, then buying an animal for her own amusement. At this point we class Shylock to be a victim, left with no money, between lending to Antonio and his daughter thieving off him, he is ruined. Shylock then hears news of Antonios ships, and is delighted that it is wrecked, as then Antonio would not be able to pay him back. Then whiles talking too Salarnio he asks what use to him is the pound of flesh? Shylock answers to bait fish. This makes you think that what a pointless way to want flesh. He then says that a Jew is a lot like a Christian they have the same hands, organs, dimensions as humans, eat the same food, feel the same pain, hurt with the same weapons and so on. He justifies his intentions to have vent ion by saying that if a Jew was to wrong to wrong a Christian they would seek revenge and therefore if a Christian was to wrong a Jew he should do the same. We are then left to make our own opinions of Shylock. Shakespeare makes us feel sorry for Shylock and not appearing racist making us feel like he is picked on and that hes the real victim. Shylock is adamant I will better the instruction, meaning he will not change his mind in the taking of the flesh unless something seriously prevents him, and will do more than what the Christians have taught him. During the court scene Shylock refuses to show any sign of mercy towards Antonio. Because of that we get the overall impression that he is heartless, self-centred and cruel. Also when he is given the option to have a surgeon at hand. He refuses, as it is not in the bond. Yet again showing no mercy as then no one can save Antonio from bleeding to death. .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 , .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 .postImageUrl , .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 , .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51:hover , .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51:visited , .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51:active { border:0!important; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51:active , .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51 .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe1abbaa0a94dac9cbf6f193c4266b51:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Natural light EssayConfident in himself I stand for judgement, and is also confident that the law is on his side. To his surprise the judge (played by Portia) found loop holes and shows no mercy just as he had done. His three penalties for attempted murder are to give half his fortune to the state, the other half to Shylocks daughter and son in law and lastly and most importantly to become a Christian. At this point you do feel sorry for him as he is left with nothing not even the satisfaction of revenge, and also he is forced to become what he most hated, a Christian. He is also alone where as Antonio has his friends to see him through tough times. But then again you can also say that Shylock got what he deserved for being so cold-hearted. Shakespeare ends the play to make our own opinions of Shylock. I think that even though a misunderstood character he is still a very cruel man. Poorly treated by Christians may had turned him bitter but being stripped of all his possessions I do feel sorry for him. Therefore in my opinion Shylock is a villain. I say this because he wanted revenge in one man for cultural reasons and religion for what had happened to him in the past. Also he enforced his beliefs in his actions towards Jessica from the way he talked about Christians as bad people and stopped her from seeing the partys and other social gatherings, which in the end caused her to run away. Not forgetting that he also showed no mercy and would had been heartless enough to kill Antonio.

Organizational Behavior for Groups and Teamwork- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior for Groups and Teamwork. Answer: Introduction Report is prepared to show the experience of the team members while working in the Group Case Assignment. Experience of the team members will be described by applying concepts of team, conflicts and leadership. First part of the report will involve five stage model of group development to explain the efforts of the team members and how they achieved success in completing the assignment. Three characteristics of effective team will be discussed to relate it will the team. Second part of the report will discuss about the conflicts faced within the team between the team members and how those conflicts were solved by discussing Conflict Handling Strategies and effectiveness of the strategies. Third part of the report will explain a leadership theory and leadership will be described within the group and its effectiveness. In the fourth part of the report experience of the team members will be discussed while working in the Group assignment, lesson they learned with their experience and la stly the recommendation for the proposed changes in the assignment. Groups and Teamwork Five Stage Model Forming Our team was formed by the professor who assigned us a Group assignment. Our group is consist of four members i.e. Member A, B, C and D and our assignment was to develop a performance measurement system for any department of the organization. First all the team members came together and met with each other (Rutan, Stone, Shay, 2014). In the initial stage all the members were bit uncomfortable as we have not worked together before. Here, we all were trying to understand each other behavior. There were no conflicts between the team members at this stage but all were making opinions about each other. In this stage we were trying to understand the assignment topic. Storming At this stage all the members of our group have the idea about the assignment and we were discussing about the important points and issues to be involved in the performance measurement system. At this stage many conflicts arise as we were discussing about the roles and responsibilities of the team and of each group member. Structure, responsibilities, authority and leadership were discussed in this stage which was providing more clarification about the assignment (Hartzell, 2017). Norming At this stage we were clear about our assignment. We had that feeling that we are a single team and have to work together for the results. Moral of all the team members was high as everyone knows about the skills, talent and experience of each other. We all were focused and were discussing about the performance measurement system. Trust between the members was building and were becoming interdependent (Tutorials points. 2017). Everyone shared their point of view and were sharing their leadership. Performing At this stage we gave our full dedication and hard work to frame a performance measurement system. At this stage everything was going very smooth and easy (Toggl. 2017). Five stages were included in the performance measurement system after the long discussion between the members of the team. Stages of the system are Define the objective, Aligning performance key indicators, Performance measurement, Scope of improvement and Corrective actions. Adjourning In the final stage our assignment was complete and all the members were happy with the results as everyone given their best for preparing this assignment (Morgan, 2010). Characteristics of Effective team Informal atmosphere Effective team has informal atmosphere in which team members feel relaxed, comfortable and tension free environment (Tom La Force. 2017). While working on the assignment at the stage of norming all the team members were very comfortable as the discussion about the assignment was informal, all the members were familiar with each other and were clear about the topic. Members participation Effective team involve participation of all the members while discussing about the event or activity (Root, 2017). All the members of our team were involved in the discussion and decision making process about the performance measurement system. Freedom for expressing opinions Effective team provide freedom to their members to provide their idea and opinions in the decision making process (Management study guide. 2017). All the members of our team provided their ideas and point of view for the assignment. When we were deciding the stages to be involved in the performance measurement system each member provided their points with reason. Conflict While working on the assignment we faced conflicts between the team members. All the members were told to provide the options for the stages to be involved in the performance measurement system. Conflict arise when members have different opinion about the stages to be involved and it lead to the formation of two teams out of one team. Both the teams had different choices of the stages. To solve this problem we decided to follow Compromising strategy of conflict management. In this all the team members came together and discussed each other points. After the discussion, we came to know that both the sides are correct at their point so we decided to opt the stages of both the team and combined them together and formed our performance measurement system. Compromising strategy of conflict management was adopted because it was the best option to solve the conflict. Compromising strategy of conflict management was very effective as all the conflicts got clear and all the members were happy . If we would have not adopted this strategy then all of us would have not be able to prepare our performance measurement system (Dontigney, 2017). Leadership Trait theory of Leadership- Trait theory focuses on the features of an effective leadership in different situations and recognizing different personality attribute (Cherry, K. 2017). This theory was formed because of the early research on leadership that was focused on finding the heritable attributes that provide the difference between the leader and non-leaders. Effectiveness of a leader can be identified by its influencing skills, how much individual or group get influenced by the leader and follow him/her. It is been said that some people are born with leadership traits and successful leaders are different from other people with special traits. These traits are very important and it has been seen that person possessed with leadership traits help organization in operations. As Trait theory of leadership is a modern theory it became very popular in the twentieth century. Trait theory states that some inborn traits are common to leaders. Even though the acknowledged trait differ, co mmon traits are intelligence, confidence, willpower, honesty and friendliness (Leadership central. 2016). Members of our group possess different leadership traits, all the team members were confident, honest and intelligent. While working on the assignment two of the team members i.e. team member A and C showed their excellent leadership skills by managed the group bringing all the team members together. We were able to see their leadership skills at the time when conflict arise in the group. Both the leaders brought all of us together and initiated the discussion by asking all the members about their point of view. They were the one who suggested and applied the Compromising strategy of conflict management and considered suggestions of all the members. They combined the ideas of all the members and brought five stages of performance measurement system. The leadership was very effective because everyone was influenced with their suggestions and it resolved all the conflicts between the team members with the best results. Our assignment received good marks what we were expecting. In Retrospect All the members of our group enjoyed a lot while working on the assignment of developing performance measurement system. I did not enjoyed the part of conflict between the team members. I learned about the team work and how to work in a team effectively to get the best results. I learned about the performance measurement system as I have never worked before on this type of assignment and came to know about my team members skills, knowledge and talent. According to me all the members did well and given their full efforts but I feel some changes could have been done by us like the financial aspects of the performance measurement system. We only worked on the non-financial part of the system. We could have added the budget of preparing and installing performance measurement system in the organization because budget provide the clear image of the system that this system will be beneficial to install in the organization or not and how much they have to spend in this. Conclusion In the conclusion it can be said that teamwork, leadership and conflict management are very important for working on group assignment. This report is linked with the group assignment which was done before. In that assignment a performance measurement system was developed. In this report teamwork between the group member is explained how that team worked together for developing the performance measurement system by using five stage model. Characteristics of effective team are also linked with the characteristics of the group worked on developing performance measurement system. Compromising strategy of conflict management is also explained in this report which was used in the performance measurement system assignment. Besides this leadership theory is explained that helped group to resolve their conflicts. References Cherry, K. (2017). What Is the Trait Theory of Leadership? Retrieved from: https://www.verywell.com/what-is-the-trait-theory-of-leadership-2795322 Dontigney, E. (2017). 5 Conflict Management Strategies. Retrieved from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-conflict-management-strategies-16131.html Hartzell, S. (2017). Group development. Retrieved from: https://study.com/academy/lesson/stages-of-group-development-forming-storming-forming-performing-adjourning.html Leadership central. (2016). Leadership Theories. Retrieved from: https://www.leadership-central.com/leadership-theories.html#axzz4wDQJBmid Management study guide. (2017). Characteristics of a Good/Effective Team. Retrieved from: https://managementstudyguide.com/characteristics-good-team.htm Morgan, J. (2010). Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning and Transforming. Retrieved from: https://thefutureorganization.com/forming-storming-norming-performing-adjourning-and-transforming/ Root, G. (2017). Characteristics of Effective Teamwork. Retrieved from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/characteristics-effective-teamwork-691.html Rutan, J. S., Stone, W. N., Shay, J. J. (2014). Psychodynamic group psychotherapy. Guilford Publications. Toggl. (2017). 5 Stages of team development. Retrieved from: https://toggl.com/stages-of-team-development Tom La Force. (2017). 20 Characteristics of Effective Teams. Retrieved from: https://tomlaforce.com/20-characteristics-of-effective-teams/ Tutorials points. (2017). Five Stage Model of Group Development. Retrieved from: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/individual_and_group_behavior/five_stage_model_group_development.htm